This course is very important in term of decision making and problem solving but the main thing is that it solve the problem and allow you to take decision throughTOOLS ( 7QC tools such as process flow chart , control chart , histogram , check sheet , scatter diagram , pareto chart , cause and effect diagram ) , so these are the 7 QC tool which tell about the reality of uncertainty and unusual thing which occur during processes . They are used to examine the production process, identify the key issues, control fluctuations of product quality, and give solutions to avoid future defects.

In QA there are different tools such as PDCA (plan do check act) cycle , Six Sigma , Process Capability (Cp and Cpk) values ,ISO,ASTM and ASME standard ,so these are telling about the concepts of optimizational process , these are the tools which facilitate the organization to resolve the basic problems and these quality management tools are still considered the gold standard for troubleshooting a variety of quality issues. They’re frequently implemented in conjunction with today’s most widely used process improvement methodologies, including various phases of Six Sigma and continuous improvement processes.

Metrology is the science of measurement. Characteristics used to specify measurement instruments for experiments and process or quality control are defined. While there are numerous ways to make process measurements, specifying instrument performance is an important part of process development and planning. A way to make these specifications is illustrated with a simple statistical model that demonstrates the metrology rule of thumb that the instrument should be ten times better than what you want to measure.

Accuracy is the degree of conformity to a standard or true value.

For example, since the international standard for length measurement is the meter, if an instrument reads a meter, its accuracy would be in comparison to this international standard.

• Precision defines the degree of refinement with which a measurement can be stated. This can usually be determined by inspecting the instrument and finding out the number of digits displayed or the "least count".

For example on a meter scale the least count might be 10 mm, or for a digital micrometer the number of decimal places on the liquid crystal display indicates the precision

So in Metrology , there are different measuring instruments and different instruments are used for measuring the product accuracy and precision.