Historical Back Ground:

The operational Amplifier was developed for use in Analog Computers in the 1940's.Early Operational Amplifiers used Vacuum Tubes were large in size and consumed large amount's of Power.

In 1967 FairChild Semiconductor introduced the first Integrated circuit Op=Amp. Todays Operational Amplifiers are far super then there Vacuum tube predserors. They are much smaller consume much less power and can be bought for a few dollars.

Introduction

The Operational Amplifier "(or Op-Amp) is a high Performance Linear Amplifier with an amazing variety of uses. The Op-Amp has two inputs, (-) inverting and (+) and non-inverting and one output. The polarity of a signal applied to the output. A Signal applied to the non-inverting input retains it's polarity at the Output.

The gain of an Op-amp is determined by a feedback resistor that feeds some of the amplified signal from the output to the inverting. This reduces the amplitude of the output signal, hence the gain. The smaller the resistor, the lower the gain.

Al explains the following Operational Amplifier Principles,

• Slew Rate

• Frequency Bandwidth

• Power Supply Specs

• inverting input explained

• Non Inverting Input explained

• Non-inverting Configuration explained

• Inverting Configuration explained

• Voltage follower

• Summing Amplifier

• High Pass Filters

• Low Pass Filters

• Band Pass Filters

• Notch Filters

• Integrator's

• Frequency response Curve

• Open loop Gain

• Closed loop gain

• Resistor Feed Back Structure

• Input Impedance

• How to Balance the Input of the Operational Amplifier